0000001239 00000 n 201glycolic acid walmart

0000001239 00000 n 2015-11-04T10:13:05.000-05:00 (A) Chlorothalonil; (B) Cyazofamid; (C) Oxathiapiprolin; (D) Cymoxanil; (E) Azoxystrobin; (F) Dimethomorph; (G) Fluazinam; (H) Zoxamide; (I) Metalaxyl; (J) Fluopimomide. %%EOF Studies have reported that the intracellular substances of hyphae or zoospores are leaked after fluopicolide treatment in P. capsici and P. infestans, and the potential target protein of fluopicolide is speculated to be a spectrin-like protein (Toquin et al., 2006; Jackson et al., 2010; FRAC, 2020), but this remains unclear. H3 Hd?) J Adobe PDF Library 11.0 Sarasota, FL34231 0000007671 00000 n doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.08.001. In pre-experiments, they showed good vitality at various developmental stages and were incubated on PDA plates for 3 days. Phytophthora spp. : fluopicolide (39.5%) However, no resistant mutants were obtained from the other two parental isolates, HNJZ10 and HD3. 3175 0 obj <>stream This may be related to the suspected target of fluopicolide, a spectrin-like protein (Toquin et al., 2006), which may play an important role in maintaining the stability of the cell membrane. Eight fluopicolide-sensitive parental isolates were exposed to fluopicolide for inducing and selecting mutants, and a total of 44 fluopicolide-resistant mutants were obtained from six parental isolates: LP3, BYA5, JA8, Pc1723, 12-11, and A1 (Supplementary Table S2). 3153 0 obj <> endobj 224 0 obj <>/Metadata 258 0 R/OpenAction 253 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 221 0 R/StructTreeRoot 40 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 258 0 obj <>stream 0000001907 00000 n We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. CHEM. fungicide bayer infinito concentrate mkds protective healing ml (2006). contact this location, Window Classics-Miami Sporangial production and zoospore release of mutants and parental isolates were measured as described above (Miller, 1955; Lu et al., 2010). strobe Distribution of fluopicolide sensitivity of 146 Phytophthora capsici isolates. Container grown plants: Apply in volume as listed. INFINITO has upward systemic movement in the plant, with strong translaminar and anti-sporulant activity. Check to be sure a specific use pattern is approved in your area before use. Pepper seeds (cv. /Form Do We would like to thank Prof. Jianjun Hao (The University of Maine) for providing P. capsici isolate A1. Sensitivity to fluopicolide and biological characteristics of resistant mutants of Phytophthora capsici in Chongqing. ACTIVE INGR. Lu, X. H., Hausbeck, M. K., Liu, X. L., and Hao, J. J. (2013). Your rep is here to help answer any question you may have. PACKAGE SIZE: 12 x 1 qt bottle %N(uJ!XC&=Z:YTR5;|Ibs&<7`iZ09}}8uuu5JU}.XL.q|'d,Mr2e$(-an /N?-.(h"O[y2@ rkydr0=6R]9r :r2./=T{C ?wy0~B&_sK@X / Lu et al. No positive cross-resistance exists between fluopicolide and other anti-oomycete fungicides, except for fluopimomide. Use enough solution to wet the root zones of plants. 0000014441 00000 n ET Phytopathology 2, 401408. We will get back to you within the business day. This suggests that fluopicolide should be applied limitedly in each season, or used alternately and mixed with other oomycete fungicides (except fluopimomide), to reduce or prevent rapid resistance development in fields. 0000034308 00000 n These experiments were conducted three times. Additionally, the cross-resistance result indicated that the sensitivity of fluopicolide did not correlate with other oomycete fungicides, apart from fluopimomide (LH-2010A). Resistance to mefenoxam and metalaxyl among field isolates of Phytophthora capsici causing Phytophthora blight of bell pepper. doi: 10.1002/ps.1494. The in vivo pathogenicity of resistant mutants was not significantly different from that of the parental isolates, other than RFL-3 and RFA-1, which had lower disease incidence and index (Table 6). The factor of sensitivity change (FSC) was calculated as the ratio of RF values of the 10th subculture relative to that of the first. *Correspondence: Xili Liu, seedling@cau.edu.cn, These authors have contributed equally to this work, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00185/full#supplementary-material, https://www.frac.info/docs/default-source/publications/frac-code-list/frac-code-list-2020-final.pdf?sfvrsn=8301499a_2, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Phytopathology 101, 10611073. Pepper seedlings were cultivated to the six-true-leaf stage. A differential series of pepper (Capsicum annuum) lines delineates fourteen physiological races of Phytophthora capsici. The initial RFs of 44 mutants ranged from 6.21 to 559.90 (Supplementary Table S2). Sci. (2019) only tested the sensitivity of some isolates of P. capsici in Chongqing. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. To plot the sensitivity of fluopicolide against those of 10 oomycete fungicides, EC50 values were transformed to relative logarithm values, and Spearman correlation analysis was conducted. See label for complete application precautions and restrictions, EPA REG. Resistance stability of fluopicolide-resistant mutants of Phytophthora capsici. The assessment of resistance risk for all novel pesticides has been required as part of the regulatory process in China since 2012 (NY/T1859.2-2012). 0000006575 00000 n Fungicidal activity of fluopicolide for suppression of Phytophthora capsici on squash. A resistance factor (RF) was calculated as the ratio of EC50 values of a fungicide-resistant isolate relative to its parental isolate. 88, 12921303. endstream endobj startxref Table 6. So far, only a few relatively comprehensive reports have described the baseline sensitivity of P. capsici to fluopicolide in the United States (Kousik and Keinath, 2007; Jackson et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2011). PMRA Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Euphytica 162, 2330. Thank you for your enquiry! XL, JW, and ZX conceived and designed the experiments. Received: 29 November 2019; Accepted: 24 January 2020;Published: 03 March 2020. Miao, J. Q., Cai, M., Dong, X., Liu, L., Lin, D., Zhang, C., et al. In addition, positive cross-resistance was found between fluopicolide and fluopimomide (LH-2010A), contrary to metalaxyl (Figure 2). 2781 Vista Pkwy N Ste K-8 70-s/t B@&%bT55 J. Field efficacy of fluopicolide and fosetyl-Al fungicide combination (Profiler) for control of Plasmopara viticola (Berk. 2017-04-19T19:19:24.068-04:00 Most of the resistant mutants showed similar favorable fitness in mycelial growth, sporangium and zoospore production, cystospore germination, and pathogenicity compared with their sensitive parents, with few exceptions. Berl. 4925 SW 74th Ct Phytopathology 45, 461462. /HeBo 14 Tf 64, 172177. 0 (2011) previously determined the biological phenotypes of five resistant mutants and their corresponding five parents. Advances in research on Phytophthora capsici on vegetable crops in the United States. Induction and characteristics of Phytophthora capsici isolates resistant to fluopicolide. Rank correlation analysis for cross-resistance between fluopicolide and other oomycete fungicides in Phytophthora capsici isolates. infinito fungicide bayer control crop : 59639-141 Please try again. Fungicides play the most important role in controlling P. capsici, combined with farming operations and biological control measures (Hwang and Kim, 1995; Hausbeck and Lamour, 2004). 96, 15881600. Sensitivity of Phytophthora capsici isolates from the southeast US to fluopicolide and cyazofamid, in Proceedings of the International Phytophthora capsici Conference, Islamorada, FL. Phytophthora genome sequences uncover evolutionary origins and mechanisms of pathogenesis. The number of these colonies was counted for each plate. HE*^@=d7qd9}("1z+rp0?!\ M,AZnMj=^ Y Chin. Bayer 59, 171184.

W 0000023473 00000 n Therefore, a moderate to high resistance risk of P. capsici to fluopicolide is estimated in fields in China. The hyphal growth rates of RFB-1, RF1723-1, and RFL-2 were not significantly different from those of their parental strains, and the hyphal growth rates of RFJ-4, RFJ-7, RFJ-9, RFJ-12, and RFL-3 were significantly slower than those of their parental strains, while the growth rate of other mutants was significantly faster, at 30C. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056513, Parra, G., and Ristaino, J. doi: 10.1094/pdis.2004.88.12.1292, Hu, J., Pang, Z. L., Bi, Y., Shao, J. P., Diao, Y. Therefore, fluopicolide may have a high inherent risk combined with the high activity and high fitness of resistant mutants. hbbd```b``kd The individual fluopicolide EC50 values ranged from 0.07 to 0.34 g/ml, and the frequency distribution of EC50 values was a unimodal curve, with a mean of 0.17 g/ml (Figure 1). herbicide Figure 2. n (2008). * Each crop and use may not be registered in every state. Plant Dis. The colonies surviving on PDA containing fluopicolide were considered to be resistant mutants and were measured on PDA plates amended with a series of fluopicolide concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 g/ml) to determine their resistance level. PLoS One 8:e56513. Evaluation of the risk of development of fluopicolide resistance in Phytophthora erythroseptica. 0000008307 00000 n Phytomed. 0000019600 00000 n (2006). All statistical analyses were conducted using DPS software ver. Table 4. The oomycete broad- host-range pathogen Phytophthora capsici. endstream endobj 3154 0 obj <. 77, 588591. Zoospore production was assayed by counting the number of cystospores in 200-l suspension with a hemocytometer. Pembroke Park, FL33023 0000021085 00000 n Brussels: FRAC Press. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00754.x. FRAC NUMBER: 43 Western Australian broccoli grower Brad Ipsen knows only too well the dangers of rainfall, high levels of cloud cover and humidity and, hence, the need for a good spray management program to safeguard his crops. The disease severity of all seedlings was rated after 7 days on a scale of 05: 0 = healthy plant, 1 = leaf yellowing and no stem necrosis, 2 = minor stem necrosis, 3 = moderate stem necrosis and some wilting, 4 = severe stem necrosis and severe wilting, and 5 = dead plant (Kim and Hwang, 1992; Hartman and Huang, 1993). Fluopicolide-resistant isolates obtained by fungicide adaptation exhibited strong adaptive traits in different developmental stages. 0000028480 00000 n 0000017777 00000 n 2, 284288. Other biological characteristics of resistant isolates are also indispensable for evaluating fungicide resistance risks. 791 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9671B330F18541C5A76004A7DDB299D8><59D10477C2CAF24CAD48F5DCDC66AB17>]/Index[757 78]/Info 756 0 R/Length 147/Prev 311106/Root 758 0 R/Size 835/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream At a concentration of 10 g/ml, all zoospores lost motility and then gradually lysed after 10 min. Lu et al. hb```b``ff`e` ,l@Tm*_0oILV9EM"A{:Td:j-r5]6+X G1h,c} `k^10al .qBT!"Hg0`zpiBw`h)+~n0h21`4t4Q]xUf 'mj, Plant Pathol. Adorn Fungicide is mixed with water and applied as a soil drench at the time of seeding and transplanting. Fluopicolide Silvar, C., Merino, F., and Diaz, J. %PDF-1.6 % 23, 183187. Plant Dis. 5404 Hoover Blvd Ste 14 St. Paul, MN: The American Phytopathological Society, 50266. 7:615. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00615. 0000004955 00000 n Sporulation of the fluopicolide-resistant mutants derived from BYA5, Pc1723, A1, and JA8 was greater than or similar to that of the corresponding parental isolates in vitro, while mutants derived from LP3 and 12-11 produced sporangia that were fewer or comparable to the parents. 4E@$ 592*6glu^HXd-e3r 3@|f":e#YwJ\h)0? 2015-11-04T10:12:03.000-05:00 Giornate Fitopatologiche 2, 135140. Apply the spray solution to all plant surfaces and to the point of runoff. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Phytopathology 100, 11621168. Sensitivity Baseline in Fungicide Resistance Research, and Management.

Population structure and resistance to mefenoxam of Phytophthora capsici in New York State. \`@h*)O``{C/[i~o*-\Bid.C:*OADxPF[O2Nls)3[7AH{xWKK+$$.S"OS endstream endobj 44 0 obj<. 70, 10081016. Ornamentals Bonita Springs, FL34135 Efficiency is key for a large vegetable growing operation like Premium Fresh, that is producing a range of crops across the north of Tasmania. Pest Manag. 0000009660 00000 n doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-13-0016-R. Hwang, B. K., and Kim, C. H. (1995). Wang, Q. Y., Ma, G. H., Yin, X. W., Lu, Y. Y., Zhang, X. C., and Xu, Y. D. (2019). Mefenoxamin sensitivity and the sexual stage of Phytophthora capsici in Michigan cucurbit fields. Foliar Application: Use between 2 to 4 fl oz/100 gallons for foliar applications. For instance, the resistance of P. capsici to phenylamide fungicides (e.g., metalaxyl or mefenoxam), used widely for many years around the world, has been reported universally (Luo et al., 1999; Lamour and Hausbeck, 2000; Parra and Ristaino, 2001; Silvar et al., 2006; Dunn et al., 2010; Quesada-Ocampo et al., 2011). The fungicide final concentrations are listed in Table 1, and the DMSO final concentration was adjusted to 0.1% (v/v). This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. However, the specific mechanisms need to be further explored. Plant Dis. Sin. However, due to geographical differences, this baseline sensitivity may not be suitable for assessing the resistance of P. capsici to fluopicolide in China. At present, the resistance risk of P. capsici to fluopicolide in Michigan in the United States has been analyzed by Lu et al. endstream endobj 764 0 obj <>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream 13, 329337. K0 S*ty(us8fjmX}h.J*+n3xDh} I:[^. Pang, Z., Shao, J. P., Chen, L., Lu, X. H., Hu, J., Qin, Z. H., et al. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.4.396, Lamour, K. H., Stam, R., Jupe, J., and Huitema, E. (2012). Diversity of Phytophthora capsici in Northwest Spain: analysis of virulence, metalaxyl response, and molecular characterization. Groundcovers The objective of this study was to assess the resistance risk of P. capsici to fluopicolide in China in relation to the above aspects. contact this location, Window Classics-Pembroke Park Plant Dis.

Using INFINITO as part of a disease management program to ensure we dont crop with severe downy mildew outbreaks is going to be very advantageous for us. Watch this testimonial from Swan Reach onion grower Peter Detloff regarding the benefits of INFINITO. 2017-04-30T23:54:04.489-04:00 You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 0000018164 00000 n Oomycetes morphologically resemble fungi but are phylogenetically distant from true fungi (Baldauf et al., 2000; Tyler et al., 2006). No differences existed in zoospore production between resistant mutants and their corresponding sensitive parental isolates, except for mutant RFL-3, which produced significantly fewer zoospores than wild-type parent LP3. Phytopathology 90, 396400. 31801757) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. Each treatment consisted of three repetitions. impatiens msu downy mildew nearby outbreaks reported michigan states infected leaf 0000079639 00000 n impatiens reported nearby outbreaks mildew downy michigan states msu plant greenhouse Z., Guo, J. G., et al. Sci. Kousik, C. S., and Keinath, A. P. (2007). EC50 values were calculated as described earlier, and Spearman correlation analysis was carried out on log-EC50 values to test the sensitivity associations between fluopicolide and each of the other 10 oomycete fungicides. ^,[C]sMS5BP:#`o;c-S]PtoE`|j|}ko(=@sV*LzCN-t-ztjy/}_eyM|@na 78Fe ^]Cvyt~e*ZzF`d/_C}&n}h>+. EZ ?lthD8ZYVzj~z=VTXAAF3X\ZLc6FR 1`kOUAayUvVYgoLG/8/{z3QWH?tYTfZAw6O=6jelCiJlo}( lv{jgMgP4/EONZH)#Hf]=USOSki?|3jgaeE&4jjP5YrE+{5jJW+MsPJNM]?V R B$[]1 0000032944 00000 n contact this location, Window Classics-Tampa Citrus Quicksheet - Presidio Fungicide - 2018-PRD-8010-R2, Tobacco Quicksheet - Presidio Fungicide - 2019-PRD-8007, Vegetables Quicksheet - Presidio Fungicide - 2019-PRD-8003, Vegetables-AZ & CA Quicksheet - Presidio Fungicide - 2019-PRD-8004. rd2015-25-eng.pdf For pot sizes other than those listed, adjust volume accordingly.

%PDF-1.5 % Cymoxanil (98% AI, Xinyi Agrochemical, Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China) was dissolved in DMSO for stock solutions (105 g/ml) and stored at 4C. These results suggest a moderate to high resistance risk of P. capsici to fluopicolide in China. Table 3. Always read and follow label instructions. 11:185. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00185. This can cause severe crop yield reduction and economic losses under suitable environmental conditions (Hausbeck and Lamour, 2004; Lamour et al., 2012). 25, 5256. A study on Phytophthora capsicis genetic resistance to metalaxy and cymoxianil. (2014) merely determined the sensitivity of 42 P. capsici to fluopicolide from Taian, Pinggu, Hangzhou, and Kunming. The baseline sensitivities to fluopicolide of 146 isolates obtained from 28 provinces in China were initially determined, and the 50% inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50) distribution was a unimodal curve with a mean of 0.17 g/ml. EMC Plant Dis. 1 1 47.0931 20 re In addition, the sporangia malformation rates of mutants were significantly higher than those of the parents, where sporangia became significantly smaller and rounder. Contact Valent or your local state agency for more information. 0>6{\fUl3z$;Hpb\/ Plant Dis. Fluopicolide-resistant mutants from mycelial plugs of wild-type isolates (LP3, BYA5, JA8, Pc1723, 12-11, and A1) were obtained by fungicide adaptation, which is representative of how resistance could develop naturally in fields. Microbiol. Plant Dis. Hausbeck, M. K., and Lamour, K. (2004). Russell, P. E. (2004). :wFY-[UYya|#0MP8) Glosier, B. R., Ogundiwin, E. A., Sidhu, G. S., Sischo, D. R., and Prince, J. P. (2008). But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Do not apply sequentially, alternate with another fungicide registered for use on ornamentals. I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time by clicking 'unsubscribe' at the bottom of the emails I receive. 0000002453 00000 n %%EOF If error persists please contact us by phone on 1800 804 479, Sign up to receive information about products, news, services and events, I agree for my personal information to be handled in accordance with. Ten plugs (5 mm in diameter) from the culture edge and 10 from the area near the initial inoculum plug were placed into a 50-ml centrifuge tube containing 5 ml of sterile distilled water to produce zoospores. application/pdf 757 0 obj <> endobj quart fungicide adorn We use cookies to give you the best online experience. 0000089172 00000 n Cystospore germination was assessed by plating cystospore suspension on the surface of 1% agar plates at 25C in the dark after 12 h. More than 100 cystospores were examined under the microscope and considered germinated if the length of the germ tube was greater than the cystospore diameter. doi: 10.1094/PD-90-1135. Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh. West Palm Beach, FL33411 Plant Pathol. 0000017568 00000 n

Pflanzenschutz Nachr. Plant Dis. For example, resistant mutant RFB-3 grew faster than its parent BYA5, and RFL-2 grew more slowly than its parent LP3, at 10C. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00185/full#supplementary-material, Baldauf, S. L., Roger, A. J., WenkSiefert, I., and Doolittle, W. F. (2000). doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.10.1069, Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., Granke, L. L., Mercier, M. R., Olsen, J., and Hausbeck, M. K. (2011). Fluopicolide was validated to have substantial activity against P. capsici in different developmental stages, with EC50 values of 0.091.58 g/ml (Table 3). endstream endobj startxref >@0,{>BU0 _lL This study determined the sensitivity of P. capsici to fluopicolide and found that fluopicolide had substantial activity against mycelial growth, sporangia formation, and zoospore release and motility. Fluopicolide is a benzamide plant fungicide discovered and patented by AgrEvo UK Limited (since 2002 being a part of Bayer Crop Science) in 1999. 0 Kim, E. S., and Hwang, B. K. (1992). This step was repeated until there was no significant difference in the linear growth of resistant colonies on the PDA plates with or without fluopicolide. 85, 10691075. H10D~N1%i]+vR;DDAD*h_y">Pz"P+x\JiWmO$Hp,v h/tHk*QNh J? Lee, J. Y., Sherman, D. H., and Hwang, B. K. (2008). Because when your operation is sustainable, we all win. fungicide banol bayer gal : Alabama,Alaska,Arizona,Arkansas,California,Colorado,Connecticut,Delaware,District of Columbia,Florida,Georgia,Hawaii,Idaho,Illinois,Indiana,Iowa,Kansas,Kentucky,Louisiana,Maine,Maryland,Massachusetts,Michigan,Minnesota,Mississippi,Missouri,Montana,Nebraska,Nevada,New Hampshire,New Jersey,New Mexico,New York,North Carolina,North Dakota,Ohio,Oklahoma,Oregon,Pennsylvania,Puerto Rico,Rhode Island,South Carolina,South Dakota,Tennessee,Texas,Utah,Vermont,Virginia,Washington,West Virginia,Wisconsin,Wyoming, Unique Mode of Action (FRAC: Group 43)Valuable Program Rotation Tool, Proven Performance and Highly Systemic Movement Through the Plant, Broad Spectrum Soil-Borne and Foliar Control.

fmc ranman quart fungicide corporation /MWFOForm Do Human Agric. downy mildew msu impatiens outbreaks reported nearby michigan states leaf This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website.

ZX wrote the main manuscript. %PDF-1.6 % The fluopicolide-resistant isolates and their corresponding parental isolates were incubated on PDA media at 10, 18, 25, 30, and 37C. )Fl.fI,jifj'-XfO@RxfiJ(4NkNHrh 1sLy+ f t3( 6N\ap"F mhh`h`````bw4p4@y )h`=@F`t0@@H J1i@l`2B;:a0$`\~:Hs800rj23izf]:2#.ns!{=/@M>i)l:Hc @ Fluopicolide [97.2%, active ingredient (AI), Bayer Crop Science, Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China], zoxamide (97% AI, Gowan Company, United States), dimethomorph (95% AI, Gowan Company, United States), azoxystrobin (98% AI, Syngenta Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), fluazinam (95% AI, Japan Ishihara, Co., Ltd.), cyazofamid (98.4% AI, Mingde Lida Agricultural Technology, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), metalaxyl (95% AI, Heben Technology, Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China), chlorothalonil (98% AI, Henan Chunguang Agrochemical, Co., Ltd., Henan, China), oxathiapiprolin (96.7% AI, DuPont Crop Protection, Wilmington, DE, United States), and fluopimomide (LH-2010A, 98.6% AI, Shandong Joint Pesticide, Co., Ltd., Shandong, China) were respectively dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for stock solutions (104 g/ml) and stored at 4C. Always read and follow label instructions. Using the right fungicide is a critical decision along the northwest coast of Tasmania, because wet weather that can sweep through the area creates ideal disease conditions, particularly in spring. Resistance assessment for oxathiapiprolin in Phytophthora capsici and the detection of a point mutation (G769W) in PcORP1 that confers resistance. Phytophthora capsici on vegetable crops: research progress and management challenges. After 10 transfers on fungicide-free PDA media, EC50 values of all mutants derived from parental isolates BYA5, LP3, 12-11, and highly resistant mutants of JA8 were increased. 8we6 0000074929 00000 n {s]Cb{{D&\]pqxlKsWWcis&wa>} 0000004526 00000 n 0000011264 00000 n 43 0 obj <> endobj These limited strains and regions cannot comprehensively reflect the resistance situation in China as a whole and have less reference significance for resistance monitoring nationwide. Furthermore, a few reports have focused on a limited number of isolates in very few provinces of China (Zhai et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2019). doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-12-0211-FE, Grimmer, M. K., van den Bosch, F., Powers, S. J., and Paveley, N. D. (2014). Elumin Fungicide for Cucurbit Downy Mildew. Sci. Health Canada - Sant Canada

Furthermore, the unimodal distribution of low EC50 values (with a mean of 0.17 g/ml) has provided strong evidence that no fluopicolide-resistant subpopulations exist in the wild populations of P. capsici used in this study. endstream endobj 762 0 obj <>>>/ProcSet[/PDF]/XObject<>>>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream <<231F857FF2CBC945BC8ED2FBFC1E2F29>]>> Dunn, A. R., Milgroom, M. G., Meitz, J. C., McLeod, A., Fry, W. E., McGrath, M. T., et al. However, fungicides for the control of Phytophthora also present challenges because of the differences between oomycete and fungi, and resistance development (Lamour and Hausbeck, 2000; Lee et al., 2008; Randall et al., 2014). Although the resistance mechanism of fluopicolide needs to be further studied, the persistent resistance of fluopicolide-resistant mutants without fluopicolide selection pressure suggests that the resistance is a result of gene expression instead of acquired adaptation. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-03-10-0221.

However, all zoospores swam normally at the concentration of 1 and 10 g/ml dimethomorph. Fungicide Resistance in Crop Pathogens - How Can it be Managed?. lg1|)X fw2_AHo@j0w"L [ Adorn Fungicide may be used on container, bench or bed grown ornamentals in greenhouses, lathhouses, shadehouses or outdoor nurseries, on conifers including Christmas trees and on ornamentals grown in outdoor landscapes. We meet you where you are, and build on what you're already doing, so you have the ability to take the next step toward a more sustainable, viable and profitable operation. contact this location. Isolates were cultured on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium in Petri dishes at 25C in the dark for mycelial growth. An error has occurred processing your enquiry. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS The sensitivity profile of P. capsici to fluopicolide was evaluated using 146 isolates collected from 28 provinces in China without a history of fluopicolide application (Supplementary Table S1).

doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-18-0366-RE, Keywords: Phytophthora capsici, fluopicolide, development stages, biological traits, resistance risk assessment, Citation: Wu J, Xue Z, Miao J, Zhang F, Gao X and Liu X (2020) Sensitivity of Different Developmental Stages and Resistance Risk Assessment of Phytophthora capsici to Fluopicolide in China.