As a doctoral candidate in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, you will contribute groundbreaking research, gain exposure, and invaluable experience that will translate to an exciting, challenging, and well compensated career. Florida Tech requests two recommendation letters, a personal statement, and a resume. Featured Image: TommL / E+ / Getty Images. Computer science relies on many abstract and theoretical principles, while computer engineering applies a stronger focus on materials and building computing systems. Message and data rates may apply. By checking this box as my electronic signature and submitting this form by clicking the Request Info button above, I provide my express written consent to representatives of National University and National University System affiliates (City University of Seattle, Northcentral University and National University Virtual High School) to contact me about educational opportunities, and to send phone calls, and/or SMS/Text Messages using automated technology, including automatic dialing system and pre-recorded and artificial voice messages to the phone numbers (including cellular) and e-mail address(es) I have provided. Computer engineers do not necessarily need to earn Ph.D. degrees, but it can help open opportunities in advanced research and development. For example, CE majors may take classes and labs in microelectronics, calculus-based physics, and digital signal processing, while CS majors will study scientific problem solving, data structures and algorithms, and database design. When computer engineers design software or hardware, they often create engineering-based schematics of their plans. Computer scientists and computer engineers both earn above-average salaries. Earning a doctoral degree requires a significant investment of hard work, time, and money. Computer engineers design computer systems, hardware, and software. Still not quite sure which branch of computing youd prefer to concentrate on? Both computer science (CS) and computer engineering (CE) are tech-intensive fields oriented around computer and information systems. Computer science considers the theoretical and applied side of computing. 
Computer scientists and computer engineers work in similar fields and receive high earnings.
Global outbreaks of COVID-19 have driven numerous businesses, employees, and independent contractors toward remote work models, which were gaining in popularity even prior to the coronavirus pandemic. The school began as Brevard Engineering College and has since become a leading STEM institution. Computer engineering majors qualify for many of the same jobs as computer science majors. BU welcomes bachelor's and master's degree graduates into its Ph.D. in computer engineering program. Computer engineers work in roles as software engineers, hardware engineers, network engineers, and telecommunications engineers. In some cases, general engineering doctoral programs offer a concentration in computer engineering. During their first year, enrollees present a plan of study and select a concentration. Since the tech industry is so expansive, which type of degree is best for you? I understand that consent is not a condition to purchase any goods, services or property, and that I may withdraw my consent at any time by sending an email to [emailprotected]. If you tend to enjoy building computers, learning about hardware, or designing interfaces, you might prefer computer engineering to computer science. Virtually every industry has a need for tech and computer experts. The engineering department invests in the internet of things, high-performance computing, and chip design research. Many of our students present papers at international conferences and attend doctoral consortiums with top researchers. They work with microprocessors, operating systems, and applications. After earning bachelor's degrees in computer information systems, graduates can pursue entry-level roles as information managers, information security analysts, and computer systems analysts. Factors affecting cost include public or private school status, in-state vs. out-of-state residency, and program length. Policies. It also postpones the $50 fee until ensuring applicants' eligibility. In fact, recent, show that roughly 10 percent of workers in the information industry work remotely more than in almost any other field. Students can choose from concentrations in robotics, embedded systems, and nanotechnology. The online application costs $60. No matter which approach you take, youre on the right track toward an exciting and rewarding career. thebestschools.org is an advertising-supported site. Potential dissertation topics may explore computer systems architecture or circuits.
Ph.D. in computer engineering classes may focus on computer systems, algorithms, computer security, and machine learning.
For that reason, National University divides these fields of study into two separate majors: the Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering (BSECE)and the Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSCS), which is also taught at the graduate level as a Master of Science in Computer Science (MSCS) for those pursuing their masters degree. Ph.D. students must pass qualifying and comprehensive examinations. Computer network architect (over $112,000), Information security analyst (over $99,000), Network and computer systems administrator (over $83,000), Whether you choose to pursue computer engineering, computer science, or a related field such as, , youll be learning valuable skills that can open exciting professional doors. Additionally, doctoral students may also qualify for one of the fellowships: Compared to other major cities, you will be able to pursue your professional goals without getting bogged down by the demands of every day life. Many universities offer Ph.D. in computer engineering programs to qualified applicants. Each focuses on unique problems and collaborates across disciplines to develop practical solutions and advance. Computer engineering overlaps with computer science. Our PhD students are fully funded, including full tuition support and health insurance. Students are not immediately paired with a research adviser (though they do have an academic adviser from day one). ASU requires three recommendation letters, a personal statement, and an online application. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the computer and information technology sector is growing at a faster pace than most fields. They submit graduate transcripts showing a minimum 3.2 GPA. Hardware engineers design and build physical computing tools like smartphones, laptops, and tablets. Students pursuing the computer systems concentration take 12 computer systems or computer engineering credits. Prospective students typically need to outline their research interests and intended concentration areas. Enter '00000', Check this box if you are active duty, veteran, guard, reserve, or a spouse/dependent, Bachelor of Arts Degree in Early Childhood Education (BAECE), Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Development with an Inspired Teaching and Learning Preliminary Multiple Subject Teaching Credential (California), Master of Arts in Social Emotional Learning, Master of Education in Inspired Teaching and Learning with a Preliminary Multiple and Single Subject Teaching Credential and Intern Option (CA), Master of Science in Educational Counseling with PPSC Credential Option, Certificate in Online Teaching (COT) Program, Building Our Team Through Community Policing, Caring for the Caretakers: Organizational Wellness for Law Enforcement, Inspired Teaching and Learning with a Preliminary Single Subject Teaching Credential, Inspired Teaching and Learning with a Preliminary Multiple Subject Teaching Credential and Internship Option (California), Preliminary Administrative Services Credential (CA Option), Preliminary Education Specialist Credential: Mild/Moderate with Internship Option (CA), Associate of Arts with Concentration in Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Healthcare Administration, Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) (California), Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Second Bachelor Degree (California), Bachelor of Science in Nursing RN Completion, Bachelor of Science in Clinical Laboratory Science, RN Master of Science in Nursing Pathway, Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP), Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Certificate, Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Administration, Bachelor of Arts in Integrative Psychology, Master of Arts Degree in Counseling Psychology, Master of Science in Applied Behavioral Analysis Degree, Master of Arts in Consciousness and Transformative Studies, Doctor of Clinical Psychology (PsyD) Program, Undergraduate Certificate in Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counseling, Pupil Personnel Services Credential School Counseling (PPSC), Pupil Personnel Services Credential School Psychology (PPSP) Program, University Internship Credential Program for Pupil Personnel Services School Counseling (California Only), Master of Science in Engineering Management, Associate of Science in General Education, Master of Arts in Strategic Communication, Associate of Science in Paralegal Studies, Bachelor of Science in Homeland Security and Emergency Managemen, Master of Science in Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Graduate Certificate in Forensic and Crime Scene Investigations, Certificate in Criminal Justice Administration, Paralegal Specialist Certificate Criminal Law, Master of Science in Computer Science (MSCS), The Need for Public Health Professionals in a Post COVID-19 World. Below, we go into more detail about what to expect from a doctorate in computer engineering program. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Modal window with site-search and helpful links. Consider your interests, background, and career goals to decide if a Ph.D. in computer engineering is right for you. Many factors affect program length, but it usually takes 4-5 years and 64-72 credits to earn a Ph.D. in computer engineering. Yes. The following list covers common engineering doctoral degree courses.
Florida Tech's Ph.D. in computer engineering program emphasizes research. Other program requirements include two core courses: algorithm foundations and random signal theory. Carlton has published five peer-reviewed articles in top presses and a monograph with the University of Chicago Press. Modified on June 23, 2022. These opportunities provide funding in exchange for teaching or departmental research. Like information technology, computer information systems degrees emphasize the applied side of computing. January 10, 2022 | Liz Simmons Colleges and universities may offer doctorates in computer engineering through computer science or electrical and computer engineering departments. This support is guaranteed as you continue to make satisfactory progress towards your degree. While computer scientists report a slightly higher average salary, the major differences between computer engineering vs. computer science come down to job responsibilities and focus areas. Enrollees work with academic advisors to determine a research topic. Clemson admits students with master's degrees in computer engineering or related topics. . I understand that if I am submitting my personal data from outside of the United States, I am consenting to the transfer of my personal data to, and its storage in, the United States, and I understand that my personal data will be subject to processing in accordance with U.S. laws, unless stated otherwise in our privacy policy. Graduates from an ABET-accredited program do not need to submit GRE scores. Computer scientists study software systems, programming languages, and data analytics to improve the interactions between people and computing systems. Concentration offerings include computer systems and electrical engineering. By providing my email, I consent to receiving newsletters from [NUS] and can unsubscribe at any time. A candidate typically has a substantial background in the field, including a bachelor's degree from an accredited university in computer engineering, electrical engineering, or a related field. In fact, as recently as 2016, LinkedIn. The good news is that, regardless of which niche you fall into or path you take, most IT-related jobs are both fast-growing and highly-paid. Post-master's enrollees only need 24 other credits. However, both fields explore the real-world applications of computing systems. You can also explore our complete. With fast-paced courses, generous. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_4" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); NU offers a variety of scholarships to help students reduce their financial burden while focusing on achieving their goals. Whether you have a bachelor's or master's degree, you can apply to one of the following doctoral degrees. Depending on your interests, the skills you learn as a CS or CE major can lead to work in healthcare, communications, business, marketing, fashion, gaming, graphic design, education, AI, and more. WashU computer scientists Ayan Chakrabarti, assistant professor of computer science & engineering, and Tao Ju, professor of computer science & engineering study the environments effect on plants. To learn more about the types of degrees and careers, you can pursue in the IT field, an enrollment counselor at National University. Each student needs to consider the pros and cons of the online learning experience and their personal preferences to make the right decision for themselves. Enrollees earn other credits through regular courses. Computer engineers study computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics to create efficient and functional solutions to computing problems. I confirm that the information provided on this form is accurate and complete. Computer engineers and computer scientists often work in the tech industry, though they can also find job opportunities in business, telecommunications, and manufacturing. In comparison, the median salary for all jobs is $41,950. Upon approval, enrollees continue with their dissertation. They must earn a minimum 3.7 GPA in four electrical and computer engineering courses (two courses for post-master's students). So what, exactly, is the difference between computer science and computer engineering? Within the field, software engineers create software applications, mobile apps, and other programs. They also submit recommendation letters.
A new way to ensure safety from cyber attacks on everything from pacemakers to autonomous vehicles. Enrollees can earn a bachelors in computer engineering or a masters. Lets take a closer look at each of these fields and at the potential careers, a degree in either can lead toward. I confirm that the information provided on this form is accurate and complete. By reviewing the courses, youll be expected to complete and the skills youll be required to master, you can gain a clearer idea of which program is right for you. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. Computer engineering focuses on using engineering principles to design and test software, hardware, and networks. If a Ph.D. does not seem like not the right choice, a computer engineering certificate may be right for you. ASU may allow students with master's degrees to transfer 30 credits. There are numerous reasons to consider pursuing your bachelors degree or masters degree in the field of CS or CE. Unlike most computer scientists, computer engineers may also contribute to the manufacturing process of computer hardware. They also make networks more secure by applying cybersecurity principles. Applicants with bachelor's degrees may enter the Ph.D. in computer engineering program, but they must present strong academic records and research skills. They conduct tests and determine how different parts of software fit together. Learn about typical program structures and admission requirements. Prospective computer engineering doctoral students may consider other degrees in the field. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports computer hardware engineers earned a median annual salary of $119,560 as of May 2020. Applicants generally need bachelor's and master's degrees. Computer scientists can pursue careers as software developers, data scientists, systems analysts, and database administrators. See how the cost of living in STL compares (Nerd Wallet), I-Ting Angelina Lee, assistant professor of computer science & engineering, seeks to boost speed on cloud platform apps with CAREER Award. Genevieve Carlton holds a Ph.D. in history from Northwestern University. We offer unique, cutting edge degrees in either Computer Science or Computer Engineering. Not all Ph.D. in computer engineering programs offer specializations. These options provide more focused training without general education requirements. By reviewing the courses, youll be expected to complete and the skills youll be required to master, you can gain a clearer idea of which program is right for you. Learn about education and experience requirements, plus why people are drawn to this career. Each focuses on unique problems and collaborates across disciplines to develop practical solutions and advance understanding. 
Computer scientists and computer engineers work in similar fields and receive high earnings. Global outbreaks of COVID-19 have driven numerous businesses, employees, and independent contractors toward remote work models, which were gaining in popularity even prior to the coronavirus pandemic. The school began as Brevard Engineering College and has since become a leading STEM institution. Computer engineering majors qualify for many of the same jobs as computer science majors. BU welcomes bachelor's and master's degree graduates into its Ph.D. in computer engineering program. Computer engineers work in roles as software engineers, hardware engineers, network engineers, and telecommunications engineers. In some cases, general engineering doctoral programs offer a concentration in computer engineering. During their first year, enrollees present a plan of study and select a concentration. Since the tech industry is so expansive, which type of degree is best for you? I understand that consent is not a condition to purchase any goods, services or property, and that I may withdraw my consent at any time by sending an email to [emailprotected]. If you tend to enjoy building computers, learning about hardware, or designing interfaces, you might prefer computer engineering to computer science. Virtually every industry has a need for tech and computer experts. The engineering department invests in the internet of things, high-performance computing, and chip design research. Many of our students present papers at international conferences and attend doctoral consortiums with top researchers. They work with microprocessors, operating systems, and applications. After earning bachelor's degrees in computer information systems, graduates can pursue entry-level roles as information managers, information security analysts, and computer systems analysts. Factors affecting cost include public or private school status, in-state vs. out-of-state residency, and program length. Policies. It also postpones the $50 fee until ensuring applicants' eligibility. In fact, recent, show that roughly 10 percent of workers in the information industry work remotely more than in almost any other field. Students can choose from concentrations in robotics, embedded systems, and nanotechnology. The online application costs $60. No matter which approach you take, youre on the right track toward an exciting and rewarding career. thebestschools.org is an advertising-supported site. Potential dissertation topics may explore computer systems architecture or circuits.
Ph.D. in computer engineering classes may focus on computer systems, algorithms, computer security, and machine learning.
For that reason, National University divides these fields of study into two separate majors: the Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering (BSECE)and the Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSCS), which is also taught at the graduate level as a Master of Science in Computer Science (MSCS) for those pursuing their masters degree. Ph.D. students must pass qualifying and comprehensive examinations. Computer network architect (over $112,000), Information security analyst (over $99,000), Network and computer systems administrator (over $83,000), Whether you choose to pursue computer engineering, computer science, or a related field such as, , youll be learning valuable skills that can open exciting professional doors. Additionally, doctoral students may also qualify for one of the fellowships: Compared to other major cities, you will be able to pursue your professional goals without getting bogged down by the demands of every day life. Many universities offer Ph.D. in computer engineering programs to qualified applicants. Each focuses on unique problems and collaborates across disciplines to develop practical solutions and advance. Computer engineering overlaps with computer science. Our PhD students are fully funded, including full tuition support and health insurance. Students are not immediately paired with a research adviser (though they do have an academic adviser from day one). ASU requires three recommendation letters, a personal statement, and an online application. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the computer and information technology sector is growing at a faster pace than most fields. They submit graduate transcripts showing a minimum 3.2 GPA. Hardware engineers design and build physical computing tools like smartphones, laptops, and tablets. Students pursuing the computer systems concentration take 12 computer systems or computer engineering credits. Prospective students typically need to outline their research interests and intended concentration areas. Enter '00000', Check this box if you are active duty, veteran, guard, reserve, or a spouse/dependent, Bachelor of Arts Degree in Early Childhood Education (BAECE), Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Development with an Inspired Teaching and Learning Preliminary Multiple Subject Teaching Credential (California), Master of Arts in Social Emotional Learning, Master of Education in Inspired Teaching and Learning with a Preliminary Multiple and Single Subject Teaching Credential and Intern Option (CA), Master of Science in Educational Counseling with PPSC Credential Option, Certificate in Online Teaching (COT) Program, Building Our Team Through Community Policing, Caring for the Caretakers: Organizational Wellness for Law Enforcement, Inspired Teaching and Learning with a Preliminary Single Subject Teaching Credential, Inspired Teaching and Learning with a Preliminary Multiple Subject Teaching Credential and Internship Option (California), Preliminary Administrative Services Credential (CA Option), Preliminary Education Specialist Credential: Mild/Moderate with Internship Option (CA), Associate of Arts with Concentration in Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Healthcare Administration, Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) (California), Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Second Bachelor Degree (California), Bachelor of Science in Nursing RN Completion, Bachelor of Science in Clinical Laboratory Science, RN Master of Science in Nursing Pathway, Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP), Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Certificate, Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Administration, Bachelor of Arts in Integrative Psychology, Master of Arts Degree in Counseling Psychology, Master of Science in Applied Behavioral Analysis Degree, Master of Arts in Consciousness and Transformative Studies, Doctor of Clinical Psychology (PsyD) Program, Undergraduate Certificate in Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counseling, Pupil Personnel Services Credential School Counseling (PPSC), Pupil Personnel Services Credential School Psychology (PPSP) Program, University Internship Credential Program for Pupil Personnel Services School Counseling (California Only), Master of Science in Engineering Management, Associate of Science in General Education, Master of Arts in Strategic Communication, Associate of Science in Paralegal Studies, Bachelor of Science in Homeland Security and Emergency Managemen, Master of Science in Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Graduate Certificate in Forensic and Crime Scene Investigations, Certificate in Criminal Justice Administration, Paralegal Specialist Certificate Criminal Law, Master of Science in Computer Science (MSCS), The Need for Public Health Professionals in a Post COVID-19 World. Below, we go into more detail about what to expect from a doctorate in computer engineering program. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Modal window with site-search and helpful links. Consider your interests, background, and career goals to decide if a Ph.D. in computer engineering is right for you. Many factors affect program length, but it usually takes 4-5 years and 64-72 credits to earn a Ph.D. in computer engineering. Yes. The following list covers common engineering doctoral degree courses.
Florida Tech's Ph.D. in computer engineering program emphasizes research. Other program requirements include two core courses: algorithm foundations and random signal theory. Carlton has published five peer-reviewed articles in top presses and a monograph with the University of Chicago Press. Modified on June 23, 2022. These opportunities provide funding in exchange for teaching or departmental research. Like information technology, computer information systems degrees emphasize the applied side of computing. January 10, 2022 | Liz Simmons Colleges and universities may offer doctorates in computer engineering through computer science or electrical and computer engineering departments. This support is guaranteed as you continue to make satisfactory progress towards your degree. While computer scientists report a slightly higher average salary, the major differences between computer engineering vs. computer science come down to job responsibilities and focus areas. Enrollees work with academic advisors to determine a research topic. Clemson admits students with master's degrees in computer engineering or related topics. . I understand that if I am submitting my personal data from outside of the United States, I am consenting to the transfer of my personal data to, and its storage in, the United States, and I understand that my personal data will be subject to processing in accordance with U.S. laws, unless stated otherwise in our privacy policy. Graduates from an ABET-accredited program do not need to submit GRE scores. Computer scientists study software systems, programming languages, and data analytics to improve the interactions between people and computing systems. Concentration offerings include computer systems and electrical engineering. By providing my email, I consent to receiving newsletters from [NUS] and can unsubscribe at any time. A candidate typically has a substantial background in the field, including a bachelor's degree from an accredited university in computer engineering, electrical engineering, or a related field. In fact, as recently as 2016, LinkedIn. The good news is that, regardless of which niche you fall into or path you take, most IT-related jobs are both fast-growing and highly-paid. Post-master's enrollees only need 24 other credits. However, both fields explore the real-world applications of computing systems. You can also explore our complete. With fast-paced courses, generous. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_4" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); NU offers a variety of scholarships to help students reduce their financial burden while focusing on achieving their goals. Whether you have a bachelor's or master's degree, you can apply to one of the following doctoral degrees. Depending on your interests, the skills you learn as a CS or CE major can lead to work in healthcare, communications, business, marketing, fashion, gaming, graphic design, education, AI, and more. WashU computer scientists Ayan Chakrabarti, assistant professor of computer science & engineering, and Tao Ju, professor of computer science & engineering study the environments effect on plants. To learn more about the types of degrees and careers, you can pursue in the IT field, an enrollment counselor at National University. Each student needs to consider the pros and cons of the online learning experience and their personal preferences to make the right decision for themselves. Enrollees earn other credits through regular courses. Computer engineers study computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics to create efficient and functional solutions to computing problems. I confirm that the information provided on this form is accurate and complete. Computer engineers and computer scientists often work in the tech industry, though they can also find job opportunities in business, telecommunications, and manufacturing. In comparison, the median salary for all jobs is $41,950. Upon approval, enrollees continue with their dissertation. They must earn a minimum 3.7 GPA in four electrical and computer engineering courses (two courses for post-master's students). So what, exactly, is the difference between computer science and computer engineering? Within the field, software engineers create software applications, mobile apps, and other programs. They also submit recommendation letters.
A new way to ensure safety from cyber attacks on everything from pacemakers to autonomous vehicles. Enrollees can earn a bachelors in computer engineering or a masters. Lets take a closer look at each of these fields and at the potential careers, a degree in either can lead toward. I confirm that the information provided on this form is accurate and complete. By reviewing the courses, youll be expected to complete and the skills youll be required to master, you can gain a clearer idea of which program is right for you. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. Computer engineering focuses on using engineering principles to design and test software, hardware, and networks. If a Ph.D. does not seem like not the right choice, a computer engineering certificate may be right for you. ASU may allow students with master's degrees to transfer 30 credits. There are numerous reasons to consider pursuing your bachelors degree or masters degree in the field of CS or CE. Unlike most computer scientists, computer engineers may also contribute to the manufacturing process of computer hardware. They also make networks more secure by applying cybersecurity principles. Applicants with bachelor's degrees may enter the Ph.D. in computer engineering program, but they must present strong academic records and research skills. They conduct tests and determine how different parts of software fit together. Learn about typical program structures and admission requirements. Prospective computer engineering doctoral students may consider other degrees in the field. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports computer hardware engineers earned a median annual salary of $119,560 as of May 2020. Applicants generally need bachelor's and master's degrees. Computer scientists can pursue careers as software developers, data scientists, systems analysts, and database administrators. See how the cost of living in STL compares (Nerd Wallet), I-Ting Angelina Lee, assistant professor of computer science & engineering, seeks to boost speed on cloud platform apps with CAREER Award. Genevieve Carlton holds a Ph.D. in history from Northwestern University. We offer unique, cutting edge degrees in either Computer Science or Computer Engineering. Not all Ph.D. in computer engineering programs offer specializations. These options provide more focused training without general education requirements. By reviewing the courses, youll be expected to complete and the skills youll be required to master, you can gain a clearer idea of which program is right for you. Learn about education and experience requirements, plus why people are drawn to this career. Each focuses on unique problems and collaborates across disciplines to develop practical solutions and advance understanding.