The treatment improved water absorption, thickness swelling and linear expansion perpendicular to grain after 24h of cold water soaking [63]. [33] in their studies reported the chemical composition of bamboo fibre as shown in Table 4. Contact our London head office or media team here. This suggests that the fibre in the bamboo leaves enlarge the digestive tract and enable the chicken to consume more and grow faster. Chemical composition of bamboo fibre [33].
Similarly, Kumar and Kumar [50] in their work confirmed that the alkali and silane treatments with nano-clay filler improved the dielectric and mechanical properties of bamboo-epoxy composites. Natural plant fibres have unequivocally contributed to economic prosperity and sustainability in our daily lives [1]. Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. It attains maturity in 3years as compared to wood, which takes almost more than 20years. Also, bamboo pipes do not contaminate the water being conveyed and do not react with the soil; unlike the other assorted materials, thus preventing the excessive cost of treating the water being conveyed for the various human and animal uses [101]. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. It has been extensively studied for graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto fibres in a living/controllable way [65].
The liquor ratio was 20, and the pH was maintained at 10.5.
Everything in between is possible with bamboo!". Studies have also revealed their uses as absorbent for dyes [82, 83, 84, 85], heavy metal [86, 87], organic pollutants [88] and other substances [89, 90]. Bamboo charcoal can be used in different industries including chemical, pharmaceutical and energy production industries (Table 5). Bamboo fibres could also be modified by atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) technique.
Of late, research has shown bamboo charcoal as one of the base materials for human health, from water treatment to its uses as a shield from electromagnetic radiation.
Its brightness and optical properties remain stable while those papers make from wood may deteriorate over time. Laminated bamboo furniture is on the rise rapidly in the world especially Asia.
In rural Tanzania, a bamboo pipe network is being used for providing safe and constant water supply to a large rural population [102]. Many bamboos are popularly used as ornamental plants to beautify homes and gardens.
To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Various craft products made of bamboo are baskets, tools, handles, hats, traditional toys, mat, flooring material, purses, bags, satchels, tea packaging, floor tiles, general household product, furniture, utensils, musical instruments, etc. Although data on worldwide production of bamboo products are incredibly unreliable, they do not appear in significant commodity databases [8]. Bamboo is considered an alternative to wood owing to their excellent qualities in physical and mechanical attributes [23]. Prior to bamboo utilisation in large scale as an economically viable engineering material, a study on properties and structures must be carried out.
When bamboo is laminated and used to produce furniture, it is difficult to differentiate it from wood [75]. Bamboo polo balls where made and used during most of the 20th century, as they were stronger than wooden balls. The Japanese have used the leaves of bamboo as fodder for livestock for hundreds of years. Bamboos, in particular, have attracted special attention owing to their awesome properties including and not limited to sustainability, renewability and biodegradability. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. Countries with the largest bamboo resources in the world [15]. Other bamboo products include bio-methane, flavonoids and functional xylo-oligosaccharides. The various uses of bamboo for humans are quite remarkable. Drainpipes made from bamboo serve as low-cost substitute to those made from assorted materials.
He etal. One pot synthesis generated the coupling agents.
The advantages of mechanically processed bamboo fabric are its ramie-like feel, its natural antifungal and antimicrobial properties, its quick moisture absorption and drying capabilities, its ability to stay warm in cool weather and cool in warm weather, its ultraviolet protection, and its anti-static nature.
The part transformed to alcohol represents the yield of 250380l ton1 of bamboo [94] while that of sugar cane, when compared gave an average yield of 70l of alcohol ton1 [95].
The fibres obtained were then heated for about 60min at 100C, except using 0.7% NaOH. *Address all correspondence to: mayowa.azeez@eksu.edu.ng.
The same trend in the properties of permanganate- and benzoylation-treated bamboo fibre polyester composites was observed [61]. In another study, the effects of alkaline and acetylating agents on the morphology of bamboo fibre-polypropylene were reported [56]. [75] further reported that the current uses of bamboo in Nigeria represent only a fraction of economic activities in the country. Bamboo stems present excellent physical and mechanical properties that can be used as a substitute for other materials such as steel aiming fabrication of concrete structures. Bamboo is used to make musical instruments for thousands of years, probably as a percussion instrument at first, but later also for wind instruments and stringed instruments. Many Filipinos use this bamboo to make "Kerosene Bamboo Cannons", which they use as an alternative to firecrackers, during Christmas and the New Year.
Some minor applications include the use of its leaves for medical purposes, fresh edible shoots and culms for timber or as a raw material for pulping [8]. It functions well in removing sputum, enhancing digestion, relieving toxicity, improving dieresis and it is frequently used for healing swollen tissues or oedema and abdominal disease in which watery fluids collect in cavities or body tissues [76]. 
Besides its role as a raw material for consumer products, bamboo has enormous prospects for industrial utilisation and as industrial raw material. Table 5 shows some typical bamboo species and parts used for this purpose. Bamboo charcoals are multi-functional materials pyrolysed from bamboo under anaerobic conditions.
Such rayon is made by dissolving the cellulose in the bamboo, and then extruding it to form fibers. How? 
Home > Books > Bamboo - Current and Future Prospects, Submitted: October 6th, 2016 Reviewed: March 9th, 2018 Published: May 30th, 2018, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. 
They reported that the modification improved various features such as fine structure, impact strength, wetting ability, interfacial strength, mechanical properties, weathering and thermal properties of the composites [51, 52, 53]. They contribute about 90% of the total bamboo mass. non-woody) plant, which produces primary shoot without any later secondary growth [8]. Usually, there is variation in the chemical composition of bamboo depending on their age.
Table 5 shows some typical bamboo species and parts used for this purpose [78]. It can be used for almost all parts of houses, including posts, roofs, walls, floors, beams, trusses and fences [14]. 2018 The Author(s). Bamboo charcoal is generally used by goldsmith and in gardening to prevent moisture available to plants particularly in Japan [78].
The high contents of starch and cellulose, 7085% of the stem, have given bamboo an advantage as an alternative source of alcohol production. These studies can provide better cultivation, harvest and processing techniques, besides analysis of mechanical and physical properties of bamboo stems.
These differences in rhizome systems can be because of their adaptations to climate conditions to which the bamboos belong. However, the advantage of bamboo is that it grows incredibly fast, that it can be harvested on an annual basis without damaging or having to re-plant the plantation or forest, and that bamboo has some superior mechanical properties compared to traditional timbers. In many overpopulated regions of the tropics, certain bamboos supply the one suitable material that is sufficiently cheap and plentiful to meet the great need for economical housing [103]. A number of researchers have also produced bamboo ethanol and butanol.
As a typical forest plant in the tropical and subtropical area, bamboo forest plays significant roles in its biological characteristics and growth habits. Percentage of world bamboo resources by continent [14]. After treatment with 0.5% sulphuric acid solution for 10min and then being emulsified for 5 days, refined bamboo fibre was obtained.
They present versatile structure produced by physical and mechanical properties and low specific weight [2]. This is as a response to the increasing demand for developing materials that are biodegradable, sustainable and recyclable [15]. The obtained pulp was cooled, filtered and washed, and then further treated with glacial acetic acid. Bamboo mat board is being manufactured in China, India, Thailand and Vietnam [5]. In addition, the excellent properties of bamboo enhanced via different chemical modification methods to improve their mechanical and thermal makes their fibre to be competitive with other materials used in the reinforcing of different polymers. Their mechanical, thermal, rheological property, morphology and miscibility properties were extensively studied. Bamboo is a principal construction material in many countries, particularly in rural areas. In another study, Kushwaha and Kumar [69] investigated the effect of silanes on the mechanical properties of bamboo fibre-epoxy composites. The percentage of world bamboo resources by continent is shown in Table 2 [14] and the countries with the most abundant bamboo resources are shown in Table 3 [15]. Location: Zabaletas, Dagua, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, Copyright 2007-2022 Guadua Bamboo - All Rights Reserved. Safe, Simple and Comfortable House with Bamboo Rei Bamboo Wear and Its Application in Friction Materi Bamboo charcoal, bamboo charcoal briquettes, bio-methane, Bio-ethanol, Plywood, laminated bamboo board, mat ply bamboo, curtains ply bamboo, laminated wood strips, mat curtain plywood, door shutter, matchstick, bamboo clipboard, furniture and handicrafts, charcoal, Cellulose, bio-ethanol, bio-methane, starch, charcoal, flavour and preservatives, bamboo leaf tea, Floor tiles, toys, bamboo composite decking, bamboo composite fencing, bamboo composite deck tiles, bamboo composite railings, bamboo composite dustbins, bamboo composite outdoor furniture, bamboo decking accessories. The use of drainage pipes made of various assorted materials is very common in our markets [101]. However, cost, energy, water, and chemical concerns in manufacturing still must be addressed.
This process involves the initial use of an alkali solution (NaOH) to remove not only the cellulosic components but also the non-cellulosic components such as hemicellulose, lignin and pectin inside the plant fibre [1].
In another study, Azzini etal. Butanol is similar to ethanol being a form of alcohol. A total of 40 of the 43 species found in Africa are majorly distributed in Madagascar while the remaining 3 species are found in mainland Africa. In an exciting study, Kumar etal. Li etal. The use of alkali hydrolysis has been majorly to remove the amorphous regions that are responsible for low resistance to fungus attack in the fibre.
An HNO3-KClO3 method has also been used to extract fibre from bamboo samples. During this pyrolytic process, bamboo is converted to stable charcoal. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Craft products are to be developed differently, marketed and promoted in innovative and various ways if they are to compete and survive in the international market. The leaf bud of B. spinosais used in leprosy, fever and haemoptysis. The silane-treated bamboo fibre-reinforced polylactic acid composite showed excellent mechanical and thermal properties compared with the properties of polylactic acid composite containing delignified BF. This biomass possesses high potential as a substitute for many lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic materials in various capacities of applications owing to its chemical composition as well as its physical properties. Other bamboo furniture products are beds, cupboard, table, upholstery chairs [75], ply bamboo, laminated bamboo, mat ply bamboo, curtains ply bamboo, laminated bamboo strips, mat curtain plywood, bamboo chipboard, floor tiles and composites. Or as the ancient Asian saying goes:"A man is born in a bamboo cradle and goes away in a bamboo coffin. Before the addition of KClO3, dry raw bamboo strands were immersed in a diluted nitric acid solution [57, 58]. Culms of many bamboo species secret siliceous materials, which can be used for medicine. It is also given internally for treatment of bronchitis, gonorrhoea and fever. It has found application in different industrial sectors including civil construction, wood, paper and pulp, textile, electrical and electronics, agriculture and agro-allied, food, chemical and pharmaceutical, reinforcement, automobile and medicine.
The interfacial adhesion between the fibre and other matrices can enhance the inclusion of coupling agents and fibre pre-treatment using acid hydrolysis. The alkali-treated fibres are then passed through multi-phase bleaching. The multi-functional ranges of bamboo uses have shown that it may prove beneficial as a valuable and sustainable natural resource [76].
on an eroded slope), and its root structure remains intact after harvest, thus, generating new shoots [24]. Kumar etal.
In the bleaching step, the bamboo fibre was placed in a polyethylene bag with 4% H2O2, 0.2% NaOH and 0.5% sodium silicate for 50min. However, bamboo is a green biofuel for fighting deforestation and climate change [92]. [96] developed a combined production process for cellulose fibres and ethanol from B. vulgaris, whichgave good results to bamboo use.
It was thought that effective surface treatment from the silane coupling agent-improved adhesion between the polylactic acid matrix and the bamboo fibre.
Hence, it allows an artist to express his talent in several forms.
Bamboo is endowed with a long fibre length, and this makes bamboo pulp suitable for papermaking. This chapter also examined some investigated chemical modifications through alkali hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, coupling to enhance properties of bamboo fibre for specialised applications. Although some of these applications are very limited in scope, continuous researches on bamboo can increase their potential and induce their aggressive interest in many more areas. It has some ecological functions on soil erosion control, water conservation, land rehabilitation, carbon sequestration, etc. It competes in market of wood without restrictions.
Because of its excellent characteristics, some countries are renewing their bioenergy strategies to include bamboo. It is also an essential food for the giant pandas in China because they survive only on bamboos. [63] evaluated the effect of pressing time on physical and mechanical properties of phenolic-impregnated bamboo strips. Bamboo may, therefore, serve as the key to combating energy problem, especially in developing nations if adopted. Some chemical and pharmaceutical products are cellulose, bio-ethanol, bio-methane, starch, charcoal, flavour and preservatives, bamboo leaf tea (see Table 5). Activated carbon is employed in the decolourisation of sugar and sweeteners, drinking water treatment, gold recovery, production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, catalytic process, off-gas treatment of waste incinerators, automotive vapour filters, colour/odour correction in wines and fruit juices. What products are made from bamboo? At present, there are about 3000 companies around the world that are engaged in the production of various bamboo-based products [77].
Another significant product from bamboo is activated carbon. Bamboo internodes (the part between 2 nodes) of larger diameter bamboo species such as Guadua angustifolia or Dendrocalamus asper are very well suited to make a bamboo beehive.
Crude fibre bundles of bamboo, obtained by drawing bamboo chips roasted at 150C for 30min, were first immersed in water at 60C for 24h, and then air-dried before removing impurities further by repeated rolling. The minor components are pigments, tannins, protein, fat, pectin and ash. The bamboo potential as an industrial raw material is linked to its agronomical and technological characteristics [2]. A recently reported work reported an improved interfacial strength between poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and bamboo flour in PVC/bamboo flour composites using novel coupling agents [73]. Chemical modification methods include alkali hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, coupling, etc. SEM studies carried out showed a better dispersion of fibre into the PVC matrix due to an increased amount of coupling agents used. Acrylonitrile treatment of bamboo fibre has been reported to improve the tensile, flexural and water absorption properties of acrylonitrile-treated bamboo fibre composites [49]. A functional silane was employed as a coupling agent to enhance the interfacial adhesion between bamboo fibre and polylactic acid [68]. Notably, cellulose content decreases with increase in age of bamboo. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. [8, 12, 13]. These materials are very expensive, not readily available, require a high degree of maintenance and pollute water, which they convey due to the pipes constituents. Pre-treatment of bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) with dilute sulphuric acid before enzymatic hydrolysis process to produce fermentable sugars has also been investigated [38]. It Wasnt Always That Great, A Decade of Reading Found Just 13 Books That Can Truly Change Your Life, Nature Lost: The Books of Robert MacFarlane and Jackie Morris, Suicide, Selfishness and the Cycles of Life. Some bamboo products for building or construction purpose include ply bamboo, bamboo panels/composite boards of different types, particle boards, mat boards, bamboo parquet and bamboo fibre-reinforced plastic [5, 76, 104]. Stems and leaves of Bambusa bambosare used in traditional Indian medicine as a blood purifier, in the treatment of leucoderma and inflammatory conditions. Bamboo plant is considered medicinal. Activated charcoal is used as a deodorant, purifier, disinfectant, medicine, agricultural chemicals and an absorbent of pollution and excessive moisture. Two novel bifunctional monomers, namely isocyanatoethyl-methacrylate and N-methylol acrylamide, have been used as the coupling agents to strength the interface of bamboo fibre/unsaturated polyester composites [71, 72]. Bamboo is brilliant, just watch the video! Free Rides in Couch Bikes Soothe Senior Loneliness, Remember Flying? Dilute phosphoric acid pre-treatment of bamboo was also studied for producing dissolving pulp for textile utilisation [74]. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? Recently in another study, a solvent (concentrated phosphoric acid) and organic solvent (95% ethanol)-based lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) methods have been developed to pre-treat bamboo [34]. It has high-density; non-corrosive and can, therefore, be mixed with gasoline. Marco Polo was the first to reveal the domestic value and importance of bamboo to the Western World trough his historic travels in Asia. Bamboo fibres have great potential as an alternative to inorganic fillers and are raw material for fabricating a composite material, and their applicability is being widely investigated. Artists of this continent have refined techniques that qualify these products to exigent markets. With over 1200 species and 70 genera, bamboo are found in natural forests, semi-exploited stands and vast plantations globally in an area of more than 14 million ha.
In a study reported by Akinbile etal. Bamboo is an excellent material for cheap and light plant support sticks, stakes or props. In addition, with adequate technology, the stems can be used in the production of cellulose, bio-ethanol and starch [21]. Bamboo is found in abundance in Asia and South America [11]. In China, it is the valuable raw material for the booming bamboo industry. Some studies have revealed bamboo to produce higher biomass yield than other lignocelluloses crops with a growth rate ranging from 30 to 60cm/day and height of about 36m in growing season [28].
In India, young and tender bamboo shoots are used as a seasonal vegetable in both rural and urban areas [78]. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression.
In Central America, Bambusa vulgaris poles were used for many years to prop bananas for United Fruit.
Fact is, everything that can be made from wood can also be made with bamboo. In Asia, bamboo is quite common for bridges, scaffolding and housing, but it is usually a temporary exterior structural material. In another study, the preparation of short bamboo fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites with various loadings percentages of chemically modified bamboo fibres was reported [62]. China and India use bamboo mainly for producing pulp and paper.
Unless a product is made directly with bamboo fiber (mechanically processed bamboo) it is not allowed be called bamboo.
Its natural hollow form makes bamboo an obvious choice for manytraditional instruments such as a wide variety of flutes, but because of the excellent sound properties of solid bamboo panels it is now also used for making modern guitars.
Bamboo vegetable, bamboo edible shoots, bakery products, diary products, meat and aquatic products, Hardware for electronics, wrist watches, chains, fan blades, Ornamental plants, bamboo livestock feeds, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.