13, 313318. Estimation of elemental concentrations of Indian medicinal plants using Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Int. It also activates the sleep inducing areas of the brain, namely, preoptic nucleus (L). (2011). Ethanolic extract of whole plant when administred to cholesterol fed gerbils, reduced serum cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids significantly after 90 d. The root extract of this plant regulated hyperthyroidism in female mice. Neuro-and psychopharmacological investigation of the alkaloids convolvine and atropine. 11, 6268. Available at https://www.ijser.org/paper/Estimation-of-elemental-concentrations-of-Indian-medicinal-plants-using-Energy-dispersive-X-ray-fluorescence.html, Balaji, K., Hean, K. C., Ravichandran, K., Shikarwar, M. (2014). Assistant Professor, Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P. 20 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, Phytomedicinal Formulations Containing C. prostratus, Neuro-Pharmacological Profile of C. prostratus, https://www.ijser.org/paper/Estimation-of-elemental-concentrations-of-Indian-medicinal-plants-using-Energy-dispersive-X-ray-fluorescence.html, https://www.ijpp.com/IJPP%20archives/1965_9_2/99-102.pdf, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Ethnobotany%2C-Phytochemistry-and-Pharmacology-of-Bhalerao-Verma/62602df9affb6d3a5a27699015e1506aa34ef1bf, http://www.phytojournal.com/vol1Issue1/Issue_may_2012/4.pdf, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/SCREENING-FOR-ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE-ACTIVITY-OF-IN-Dhingra-Valecha/51168240f3c88647a52ce21a54878606c61a7c66, https://irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/794_pdf.pdf, https://hero.epa.gov/hero/index.cfm/reference/details/reference_id/1109757, http://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/?year=2016&vol=5&issue=1&ArticleId=695, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1dc0/39b0046a0caa7e211b7a64f0ec91596d4fef.pdf, https://www.pharmatutor.org/articles/development-high-performance-thin-layer-chromatography-method-for-determination-scopolin-convolvulus-pluricaulis-chois?page=1%2C1, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266140204_Hypolipidemic_effect_of_Convolvulus_microphyllus_in_cholesterol_fed_gerbils_Meriones_hurrinae_Jerdon, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Review-on-ethnomedicinal-uses-and-of-memory-herb-Sethiya-Mishra/427692942318bd7bf5c9cd65e2cf8627aaa9c61f, http://globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/v23-2/36.pdf, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/REVIEW-OF-SANKHAHAULI-(CONVOLVULUS-PLURICAULIS-FROM-Nisar-Khan/0994b296aed35c7b9ccaa97be1505fddf55218e8, https://www.ijam.co.in/index.php/ijam/article/view/163, https://ijpbs.net/abstract.php?article=NTk2, http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/27919, http://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2013/vol2issue4/PartB/23.1.pdf, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/696f/2e4d7280727d2baba08bc7c6e3a7cd03ef3a.pdf, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). CP herb is known to contain alkaloids (convolamine and scopoletin), flavonoids (kaempferol), and steroids (phytosterol and -sitosterol). Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of -sitosterol. Res. Enzyme Inhib. Hypolipidemic effect of Convolvulus microphyllus in cholesterol fed gerbils (Meriones hurrinae Jerdon).
The presented research work been funded by the research funds of Patanjali Research Foundation Trust (PRFT), Haridwar, India. Curr. Tirukati includes 13 species: Bacopa monnieri, C. pluricaulis, C. asiatica, A. racemosus, Valeriana wallichii, Rueraria tuberosa, Saussurea lappa, E. ribes, Tinospora cordifolia, Operculina turpethum, Pavonia odorata, Caryophyllus aromaticus and Foeniculum vulgare[35]. This paper could be applied by most Ayurvedic practitioners in their medication activities to treat patients with different types of diseases. Phytopharmacology of Indian Nootropic Convolvulus pluricaulis, in Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Neurological Disorders. 34, 5658. 30, 13171323. Solanki, I., Parihar, P., Parihar, M. S. (2016). 798) (United States: Mosby Inc.). Res. J. India: Tabish; 2005. Herbal drug industry (Delhi, India: Eastern Publisher). It also acts as a skin tonic, penetrates deep into the skin, nourishes it from within and imparts a radiant and healthy glow. 113, 363381. 3, 8183. the Pitta (fire and air), Vata (air) and Kapha (earth and water) doshas and works more on Vata and Pitta doshas. Nootropic, anxiolytic and CNS-depressant studies on different plant sources of shankhpushpi. Biol. Res. All of these stated medicinal utilities of C. prostratus (CP) have been attributed to various phytoconstituents, belonging to the chemical family of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins and polyphenols.
Life Sci. It is known to cause a downregulation in the expression of cytokine mediators such as IL-8, MCP-1 and ICAM-1, thereby blocking the expression of cytokine-mediated adhesion molecules and therefore the fundamental process of leukocyteendothelial cell adhesion is deterred (Billore etal., 2005; Rathee etal., 2009). The pharmacological effects exhibited by this plant have been elaborated in depth with citations from studies that have been conducted using this Ayurvedic plant. 48, 10391041. Neurodegenerative diseases: from available treatments to prospective herbal therapy.Neurochem. Moreover, treatment with alcoholic extract of CP plant led to an increase in the average time-span spent by mice in the enclosed arm of plus maze model, and an escalation in the mean avoidance response on the jumping box model (Rawat and Kothiyal, 2011). NGF-dependent neurons and neurobiology of emotions and feelings: Lessons from congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. 32, 47444752. J. Chem. Kumar DC. The ethanolic extract of CP at dose 750 mg/Kg showed statistically significant analgesic activity as compared to the standard analgesics like, morphine sulphate, when tested in hot plate method and tail-flick assays in rats (Agarwal etal., 2014). (1999). In Ayurveda, this herb is classically described as a memory and intellect booster. Chem. Compd. 5, 629636.
(2001). Nat. Tel: +919415987306, E-mail: Received 2013 Nov 15; Accepted 2014 Jan 16. The result showed that ethyl acetate fractions at this dose reduced the neuromuscular co-ordination indicative of the muscle relaxant activity. doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00899-1, Foretz, M., Even, P., Viollet, B. Secondly, the muscarinic receptors bind to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thereby facilitating the transmission of electrical signals within the central nervous system (Brown, 2018). Microbiol. Neurosci. Examples include: The syrup and tablets include the following 10 species: Centella asiatica (C. asiatica), Celastrus paniculatus (C. paniculatus), C. pluricaulis, Asparagus racemosus (A. racemosus), Acorus calamus (A. calamus), Embelia ribes (E. ribes), Tinospora cordifolia, Achyrantes aspera, Terminalia chebula and Saussurea lappa[35]. Indeed, oral administration of the ethanolic extract of the CP leaves at dose of 800 mg/Kg, showed significant inhibition of rat paw edema, in the Carrageenan-induced paw edema and Cotton pellet-induced granuloma animal models (Agarwal etal., 2014). J. Adv. Carcinogenesis 22, 409414. Billore, K. V., Yelne, M. B., Dennis, T. J., Chaudhari, B. G. (2005). Supplementation of Convolvulus pluricaulis attenuates scopolamine-induced increased tau and Amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in rat brain. Prod. Hindu, V. (2012). Drinking a spoonful of shankhpushpi powder mixed in a glass of milk and Jeera, before going to sleep is highly effective in regulating body metabolism, inducing sleep and treating sleep disorders like insomnia. One such cognitive booster herb is C. prostratus Forssk., commonly known as Shankhpushpi, which is mainly endowed with neuroprotective, nootropic and neuro-modulatory activities (Figure 1B). In TST and FST, Trans-01 showed a dose-dependent decrease in immobility time. Pharmacological studies carried out on crude extracts and pure metabolites provided pragmatic documents for its traditional uses, and have revealed this herb to be a valuable source for medicinally important molecules. Sci. The fine paste made by grinding the plant is helpful to cure abscess. Dev, S. (2006). Several studies show that Shankhpushpi has potent anti-bacterial properties that are extensively used for removing bacteria from the body. Appl. 6, 13791387. Based on the comprehensive review of plant profile, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological data on the C. pluricaulis, there will be more opportunities for the future research and development on the herb C. pluricaulis. doi:10.4103/0973-1296.197650, Cowan, M. M. (1999).
The author cited different papers in his manuscript to support the therapeutic potential of C. pluricaulis in traditional medicine. Chem. Known as Mangalyakushuma in Sanskrit which means bringer of good fortune and health, each and every part of this milky-white flowered plant is extremely beneficial for treating a host of ailments and improving the longevity of life.
J.
It strengthens the heart muscles and prevents lipid build up in the blood vessels. Nat. The result demonstrated that the flower extract of plant exerted anxiolytic effect in mice on EPM. Clin.
J. Institut. Pharmacogn. DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl- hydrazyl, MES: maximal electro shock, TST: tail suspension test, FST: forced swim test, EPM: elevated plus maze, MWM: morris water maze, CNS: central nervous system, APP: amyloid precursor protein. Technol. This category contains only the following page. The result showed that only chloroform fraction in this doses significantly reduced the immobility time in both FST & TST. doi:10.3390/ijms19092826, Forrest, M. D. (2014). WHO guided real time stability testing on Shankhpushpi Syrup. Alternat. A comparative ethno-botanical study of Cholistan (an arid area) and Pothwar (a semi-arid area) of Pakistan for traditional medicines. Inflamm. (2012). Chem. Anxiolytic activity of, Sharma K, Arora V, Rana AC, Bhatnagar M. Anxiolytic effect of, Sharma K, Bhatnagar M, Kulkarni SK. CP plant is known to contain kaempferol, -sitosterol, N-hexacosanol, taraxerol, taraxerone, delphinidine and hydroxy-cinnamic acid as the major phyto-constituents, as depicted in Table 2 (Billore etal., 2005; Amin etal., 2014). Shankhpushpi is a traditional herbal remedy blessed with umpteen health benefits. Shankhapushpi is widely available in the market in various forms like tablets or capsules known as gutikas, powder or churna, juice or kashayam, syrup or arishtam, oil or tailam. Int. +: presence of compound; -: absence of compound. Shankhpushpi: Benefits, Uses, Dosage, Formulations, and Side Effects, Axiom Jeevan Ras Shankhpushpi Juice 500 ml, Kerala Naturals Shankhpushpi Powder 100 gm, CF Brain & Memory Support 1656 mg Veg Tablet 120's, Bixa Botanical Shankhapushpi Herb Powder 200 gm, Foresta Organics Brain Health Vegan Capsule 60's, HealthBest NeuroBest Brain Nutrition Softgel Capsule 60's, Herbal Canada Pure Brihmi Shankhpushpi Juice 500 ml. doi:10.3109/13880208509070677, Rizwan, M., Khan, A. Phytomedicine 22, 362368. 168, 487503. Deletion of choline acetyltransferase in enteric neurons results in postnatal intestinal dysmotility and dysbiosis. Such extensive industrial uses of CP further confirms the holistic significance of this nontoxic wonder herb (Jalwal etal., 2016).
Available at https://www.ijam.co.in/index.php/ijam/article/view/163, Rathee, P., Chaudhary, H., Rathee, S., Rathee, D., Kumar, V., Kohli, K. (2009). Indian J. Pharmacol. 5, 24582463. Neuropharmacological profile of extracts of aerial parts of Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy in mice model. This review paper is one of its own in which it summarizes any research that have been conducted on C. pluricaulis specifically in medicinal field.
J. Tradit.
Nat. Vinholes, J., Silva, B. M., Silva, L. R. (2015).
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Gourie-Devi, M. (2014). and transmitted securely.
All the years you spent g.. As a person grows old, he/she complains about forgetfulness. Young Pharm. Ch., Ramanamam, V., Ram, S. S., Sudershan, M., et al. Available at http://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/?year=2016&vol=5&issue=1&ArticleId=695, Johnson, C. D., Barlow-Anacker, A. J., Pierre, J. F., Touw, K., Erickson, C. S., Furness, J. doi:10.1007/s12010-012-9791-8, Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., et al. doi: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000309, Rizk, A. M., Williamson, E. M., Evans, F. J. Moreover, CP activates the hypoactive regions situated in the prefrontal cortex (shaded pink area; O), and deactivates hyperactive regions situated in the anterior cingulate cortex (shaded green area; N). (2015). Singh, V. K., Govil, J. N., Hashmi, S., Singh, G. (2003). A brain tonic imbued with potent Medhya traits, Shankhpushpi is highly significant in dealing with hysteria as it effectively works as a stimulant and boosts the function of the brain. Pharm. 19, E2826. Ethnobotany of Rajasthan (Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers). A few examples of such marketed herbal pharmaceutical formulations include Patanjali Divya Shankhpushpi Churna, Divya Pharmacy Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Baidyanath Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Dabur Shankhpushpi Syrup, Biotrex Shankhpushpi, Maxmind capsule, Herbal Hills Shankhpushpi Tablets and many more (Bhowmik etal., 2012).
FASEB J. Such anxiolytic activity can be linked with the hypotensive effect of this herb, which in turn is attributed to the presence of GABA-A-benzodiazepine agonists, such as convolamine and scopoletin (Figure 1B) (Malik etal., 2011; Amin etal., 2014; Siddiqui etal., 2014). Well-known as morning-glory, speed wheel or Aloe weed in English, this medicinal herb has specific arrowhead-shaped leaves and bulb-shaped blue or white flowers.
Khare, C. P. (2004). Such reduction in the tau protein expression is responsible for causing an amelioration in the amyloid -induced deficits in case of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (Vossel etal., 2010). J. Pharm. 8600 Rockville Pike Daniel, M. (2016). In-Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Methanolic Extract of Convolvulus pluricaulis. Sci. The preliminary phytochemical test of ethanolic extracts of C. pluricaulis (leaves) are given in Table 6[31],[32].
Tseomashko, N. E., Terent'Eva, E. O., Kodirova, D. B., Okhunov, I. I., Aripova, S. F., Khashimova, Z. S., et al. Copyright 2020 Balkrishna, Thakur and Varshney. CP effects on EPM activity has been found to be comparable to the standard of care drug, Piracetam (Rawat and Kothiyal, 2011; Kaushik, 2017). 5, 959964. It mostly occurs due to excessive work using a computer, watching television for hours, learning or memorizing activities, etc. Molecules 20, 2074120776. Science 330, 198198. In a study, Rawat and Kothiyal have also found that the aquo-methanolic, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts isolated from CP (50400 mg/Kg) exhibited anxiolytic, memory-enhancing and nootropic activity as evaluated by using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and step-down models in mice. Additionally, the fundamental principle responsible for the cardio-vascular activity of this herb has been proposed to be linked with it alkaloid derivative, evolvine hydrochloride, which is known to exhibit lobeline-like action on the cardiovascular system. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.044, Saroya, A. S., Singh, J. Effect of, Ravichandra VD, Ramesh C, Sridhar KA. J.
The polyphenols present in this species act as reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenchers, thereby ameliorating the oxidative stress that is generated as a diabetic manifestation. The human brain book: An illustrated guide to its structure, function, and disorders (London: Penguin publishers). Effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy in obsessive compulsive disorder using animal models (India: PharmaTutor EduLabs Publishing). Shankhpushpi characterizes Tikta Rasa (bitter taste). All parts of the herb are known to possess therapeutic benefits. It has been used as a service tonic in conventional medications since ancient times. doi:10.1038/3218, Mali, P. C. (1995). A., Maaz, M., Shiffa, M. (2012). As per an ancient Indian medicinal scriptureCharaka Samhitathis plant is superior to other nootropic drugs (Medhya rasayana) of Ayurveda, however, a detailed ethnomedicinal update yet needs to be presented (Dev, 2006). Res. Rev. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in developing countries: a symposium report. We are also thankful to Mr. Gagan Kumar and Mr. Lalit Mohan for their swift administrative supports and encouragements. Cool, filter the liquid and apply it over the wounds dabbed in cotton to eliminate germs and enhance quick healing.
Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., a nootropic herb used in traditional medicinal systems, is also frequently known by its taxonomic synonym Convolvulus pluricaulis.
Herbal remedies for neurodegenerative disorder (alzheimer's disease): a review. 47, 608611. Gogte, V. M. (2012). Studies on medicinal properties of Convolvulus pluricaulis and Boerhaavia diffusa. Bras. Shanka Pushpi: A short review. doi: 10.4103/1735-1995.163977, Nisar, S. S., Khan, A.
Preliminary pharmacological activities of ethanolic extracts of C. pluricaulis (leaves) are given in Table 4[14][29]. CP extract also posed evident anti-oxidant activity and elevated the levels of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione within the cortex and hippocampus (Kaushik, 2017). (2014). Besides Ayurveda, C. prostratus (CP) has also been used in Siddha system of medicine, wherein an oil obtained from this plant is used as a keratogenic agent for promoting hair growth (Gogte, 2012). The use of herbal medicines continues to escalate rapidly with about 70% of the world population still relying upon traditional medicines for their primary healthcare needs.
doi:10.1007/s10600-013-0459-6. This CP herb has also been reported for several other pharmacological activities, including anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-ulcer, cardio-vascular, hepatoprotective, and hypothyroidism (Barar and Sharma, 1965; Mudgal, 1975; Rizk etal., 1985; Mali, 1995; Jain etal., 2011; Ravichandra etal., 2013; Jalwal etal., 2016). Quercetin inhibits the expression and function of the androgen receptor in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Additionally, the natural compounds, such as flavonoids also aid in modulating the neuronal cell signalling pathways (Solanki etal., 2016). Compd. Sci. Available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1dc0/39b0046a0caa7e211b7a64f0ec91596d4fef.pdf. The chemical constituents of C. pluricaulis are shown in Table 1[5]. 1, 388395. Shankhpushpi is extremely effective in treating various heart ailments due to its strong antioxidative nature. Established by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics Diarrheal diseases, Oral Rehydra.. Shankhpushpi helps reduce the levels of cortisol which is a stress hormone and thereby attenuates stress and improves the quality, duration and provides a peaceful sleep.
The syrup consists of the following 12 species: C. asiatica, C. pluricaulis, C. paniculatus, Eclipta alba, Cynodon dactylon, A. racemosus, Withania somnifera, Nardostachys jatamansi, A. calamus, Zingiber officinalis and Vetiveria zizanoides[35]. Brown, D. A. 3, 8287. Encyclopedia of Indian medicinal plants (New York, USA: Springer).
J. More specifically, in ancient texts, this plant has been mentioned as sara, medhya, vrsya and rasayana, which refers to the laxative, nootropic, aphrodisiac and rejuvenator properties of this herb, respectively. doi:10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(6).2458-63, Aggarwal, B. Res. The chemotherapeutic moieties used currently for the treatment of neurological disorders face a daunting challenge of systemic delivery of the drugs to the central nervous system. Nat. 5, 505511. In addition, it can also be used to improve memory and decrease cholesterol[10].
Singh, V., Pandey, R. P. (1998). Mice treated with the extract showed a sedative effect at doses greater than 200 mg/kg and reflected a moderate to marked decrease in locomotor activity which lasted 1-2 h. The decrease in motor activity due to spontaneous motor activity was observed during the study.
Accessibility (2017). Biol. (2015). PharmaTutor Mag. Shankhpushpi Syrup (Arishtam) 20 ml for adults twice a day with water after meals. A comprehensive review on shankhpushpi a morning glory.
Moreover, the CP powder and juice, such as, Jain Shankhpushpi Powder and Axiom Jeevan Ras Shankhpushpi Juice, are also being used as skin mask for rejuvenating the skin and managing skin problems such as acne, blemishes and sun spots (Hindu, 2012). A novel mechanism of action and potential use for lobeline as a treatment for psychostimulant abuse. 3, 131135. AMPK activation reduces hepatic lipid content by increasing fat oxidation in vivo. J. Nutr. Mechanistically, it reduces the spontaneous motor activity, thereby controlling the refluxes and frightening responses.
The presented research work been funded by the research funds of Patanjali Research Foundation Trust (PRFT), Haridwar, India. Curr. Tirukati includes 13 species: Bacopa monnieri, C. pluricaulis, C. asiatica, A. racemosus, Valeriana wallichii, Rueraria tuberosa, Saussurea lappa, E. ribes, Tinospora cordifolia, Operculina turpethum, Pavonia odorata, Caryophyllus aromaticus and Foeniculum vulgare[35]. This paper could be applied by most Ayurvedic practitioners in their medication activities to treat patients with different types of diseases. Phytopharmacology of Indian Nootropic Convolvulus pluricaulis, in Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Neurological Disorders. 34, 5658. 30, 13171323. Solanki, I., Parihar, P., Parihar, M. S. (2016). 798) (United States: Mosby Inc.). Res. J. India: Tabish; 2005. Herbal drug industry (Delhi, India: Eastern Publisher). It also acts as a skin tonic, penetrates deep into the skin, nourishes it from within and imparts a radiant and healthy glow. 113, 363381. 3, 8183. the Pitta (fire and air), Vata (air) and Kapha (earth and water) doshas and works more on Vata and Pitta doshas. Nootropic, anxiolytic and CNS-depressant studies on different plant sources of shankhpushpi. Biol. Res. All of these stated medicinal utilities of C. prostratus (CP) have been attributed to various phytoconstituents, belonging to the chemical family of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins and polyphenols.
Life Sci. It is known to cause a downregulation in the expression of cytokine mediators such as IL-8, MCP-1 and ICAM-1, thereby blocking the expression of cytokine-mediated adhesion molecules and therefore the fundamental process of leukocyteendothelial cell adhesion is deterred (Billore etal., 2005; Rathee etal., 2009). The pharmacological effects exhibited by this plant have been elaborated in depth with citations from studies that have been conducted using this Ayurvedic plant. 48, 10391041. Neurodegenerative diseases: from available treatments to prospective herbal therapy.Neurochem. Moreover, treatment with alcoholic extract of CP plant led to an increase in the average time-span spent by mice in the enclosed arm of plus maze model, and an escalation in the mean avoidance response on the jumping box model (Rawat and Kothiyal, 2011). NGF-dependent neurons and neurobiology of emotions and feelings: Lessons from congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. 32, 47444752. J. Chem. Kumar DC. The ethanolic extract of CP at dose 750 mg/Kg showed statistically significant analgesic activity as compared to the standard analgesics like, morphine sulphate, when tested in hot plate method and tail-flick assays in rats (Agarwal etal., 2014). (1999). In Ayurveda, this herb is classically described as a memory and intellect booster. Chem. Compd. 5, 629636.
(2001). Nat. Tel: +919415987306, E-mail: Received 2013 Nov 15; Accepted 2014 Jan 16. The result showed that ethyl acetate fractions at this dose reduced the neuromuscular co-ordination indicative of the muscle relaxant activity. doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00899-1, Foretz, M., Even, P., Viollet, B. Secondly, the muscarinic receptors bind to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thereby facilitating the transmission of electrical signals within the central nervous system (Brown, 2018). Microbiol. Neurosci. Examples include: The syrup and tablets include the following 10 species: Centella asiatica (C. asiatica), Celastrus paniculatus (C. paniculatus), C. pluricaulis, Asparagus racemosus (A. racemosus), Acorus calamus (A. calamus), Embelia ribes (E. ribes), Tinospora cordifolia, Achyrantes aspera, Terminalia chebula and Saussurea lappa[35]. Indeed, oral administration of the ethanolic extract of the CP leaves at dose of 800 mg/Kg, showed significant inhibition of rat paw edema, in the Carrageenan-induced paw edema and Cotton pellet-induced granuloma animal models (Agarwal etal., 2014). J. Adv. Carcinogenesis 22, 409414. Billore, K. V., Yelne, M. B., Dennis, T. J., Chaudhari, B. G. (2005). Supplementation of Convolvulus pluricaulis attenuates scopolamine-induced increased tau and Amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in rat brain. Prod. Hindu, V. (2012). Drinking a spoonful of shankhpushpi powder mixed in a glass of milk and Jeera, before going to sleep is highly effective in regulating body metabolism, inducing sleep and treating sleep disorders like insomnia. One such cognitive booster herb is C. prostratus Forssk., commonly known as Shankhpushpi, which is mainly endowed with neuroprotective, nootropic and neuro-modulatory activities (Figure 1B). In TST and FST, Trans-01 showed a dose-dependent decrease in immobility time. Pharmacological studies carried out on crude extracts and pure metabolites provided pragmatic documents for its traditional uses, and have revealed this herb to be a valuable source for medicinally important molecules. Sci. The fine paste made by grinding the plant is helpful to cure abscess. Dev, S. (2006). Several studies show that Shankhpushpi has potent anti-bacterial properties that are extensively used for removing bacteria from the body. Appl. 6, 13791387. Based on the comprehensive review of plant profile, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological data on the C. pluricaulis, there will be more opportunities for the future research and development on the herb C. pluricaulis. doi:10.4103/0973-1296.197650, Cowan, M. M. (1999).
The author cited different papers in his manuscript to support the therapeutic potential of C. pluricaulis in traditional medicine. Chem. Known as Mangalyakushuma in Sanskrit which means bringer of good fortune and health, each and every part of this milky-white flowered plant is extremely beneficial for treating a host of ailments and improving the longevity of life.
J.
It strengthens the heart muscles and prevents lipid build up in the blood vessels. Nat. The result demonstrated that the flower extract of plant exerted anxiolytic effect in mice on EPM. Clin.
J. Institut. Pharmacogn. DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl- hydrazyl, MES: maximal electro shock, TST: tail suspension test, FST: forced swim test, EPM: elevated plus maze, MWM: morris water maze, CNS: central nervous system, APP: amyloid precursor protein. Technol. This category contains only the following page. The result showed that only chloroform fraction in this doses significantly reduced the immobility time in both FST & TST. doi:10.3390/ijms19092826, Forrest, M. D. (2014). WHO guided real time stability testing on Shankhpushpi Syrup. Alternat. A comparative ethno-botanical study of Cholistan (an arid area) and Pothwar (a semi-arid area) of Pakistan for traditional medicines. Inflamm. (2012). Chem. Anxiolytic activity of, Sharma K, Arora V, Rana AC, Bhatnagar M. Anxiolytic effect of, Sharma K, Bhatnagar M, Kulkarni SK. CP plant is known to contain kaempferol, -sitosterol, N-hexacosanol, taraxerol, taraxerone, delphinidine and hydroxy-cinnamic acid as the major phyto-constituents, as depicted in Table 2 (Billore etal., 2005; Amin etal., 2014). Shankhpushpi is a traditional herbal remedy blessed with umpteen health benefits. Shankhapushpi is widely available in the market in various forms like tablets or capsules known as gutikas, powder or churna, juice or kashayam, syrup or arishtam, oil or tailam. Int. +: presence of compound; -: absence of compound. Shankhpushpi: Benefits, Uses, Dosage, Formulations, and Side Effects, Axiom Jeevan Ras Shankhpushpi Juice 500 ml, Kerala Naturals Shankhpushpi Powder 100 gm, CF Brain & Memory Support 1656 mg Veg Tablet 120's, Bixa Botanical Shankhapushpi Herb Powder 200 gm, Foresta Organics Brain Health Vegan Capsule 60's, HealthBest NeuroBest Brain Nutrition Softgel Capsule 60's, Herbal Canada Pure Brihmi Shankhpushpi Juice 500 ml. doi:10.3109/13880208509070677, Rizwan, M., Khan, A. Phytomedicine 22, 362368. 168, 487503. Deletion of choline acetyltransferase in enteric neurons results in postnatal intestinal dysmotility and dysbiosis. Such extensive industrial uses of CP further confirms the holistic significance of this nontoxic wonder herb (Jalwal etal., 2016).
Available at https://www.ijam.co.in/index.php/ijam/article/view/163, Rathee, P., Chaudhary, H., Rathee, S., Rathee, D., Kumar, V., Kohli, K. (2009). Indian J. Pharmacol. 5, 24582463. Neuropharmacological profile of extracts of aerial parts of Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy in mice model. This review paper is one of its own in which it summarizes any research that have been conducted on C. pluricaulis specifically in medicinal field.
J. Tradit.
Nat. Vinholes, J., Silva, B. M., Silva, L. R. (2015).
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Gourie-Devi, M. (2014). and transmitted securely.
All the years you spent g.. As a person grows old, he/she complains about forgetfulness. Young Pharm. Ch., Ramanamam, V., Ram, S. S., Sudershan, M., et al. Available at http://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/?year=2016&vol=5&issue=1&ArticleId=695, Johnson, C. D., Barlow-Anacker, A. J., Pierre, J. F., Touw, K., Erickson, C. S., Furness, J. doi:10.1007/s12010-012-9791-8, Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., et al. doi: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000309, Rizk, A. M., Williamson, E. M., Evans, F. J. Moreover, CP activates the hypoactive regions situated in the prefrontal cortex (shaded pink area; O), and deactivates hyperactive regions situated in the anterior cingulate cortex (shaded green area; N). (2015). Singh, V. K., Govil, J. N., Hashmi, S., Singh, G. (2003). A brain tonic imbued with potent Medhya traits, Shankhpushpi is highly significant in dealing with hysteria as it effectively works as a stimulant and boosts the function of the brain. Pharm. 19, E2826. Ethnobotany of Rajasthan (Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers). A few examples of such marketed herbal pharmaceutical formulations include Patanjali Divya Shankhpushpi Churna, Divya Pharmacy Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Baidyanath Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Dabur Shankhpushpi Syrup, Biotrex Shankhpushpi, Maxmind capsule, Herbal Hills Shankhpushpi Tablets and many more (Bhowmik etal., 2012).
FASEB J. Such anxiolytic activity can be linked with the hypotensive effect of this herb, which in turn is attributed to the presence of GABA-A-benzodiazepine agonists, such as convolamine and scopoletin (Figure 1B) (Malik etal., 2011; Amin etal., 2014; Siddiqui etal., 2014). Well-known as morning-glory, speed wheel or Aloe weed in English, this medicinal herb has specific arrowhead-shaped leaves and bulb-shaped blue or white flowers.
Khare, C. P. (2004). Such reduction in the tau protein expression is responsible for causing an amelioration in the amyloid -induced deficits in case of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (Vossel etal., 2010). J. Pharm. 8600 Rockville Pike Daniel, M. (2016). In-Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Methanolic Extract of Convolvulus pluricaulis. Sci. The preliminary phytochemical test of ethanolic extracts of C. pluricaulis (leaves) are given in Table 6[31],[32].
Tseomashko, N. E., Terent'Eva, E. O., Kodirova, D. B., Okhunov, I. I., Aripova, S. F., Khashimova, Z. S., et al. Copyright 2020 Balkrishna, Thakur and Varshney. CP effects on EPM activity has been found to be comparable to the standard of care drug, Piracetam (Rawat and Kothiyal, 2011; Kaushik, 2017). 5, 959964. It mostly occurs due to excessive work using a computer, watching television for hours, learning or memorizing activities, etc. Molecules 20, 2074120776. Science 330, 198198. In a study, Rawat and Kothiyal have also found that the aquo-methanolic, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts isolated from CP (50400 mg/Kg) exhibited anxiolytic, memory-enhancing and nootropic activity as evaluated by using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and step-down models in mice. Additionally, the fundamental principle responsible for the cardio-vascular activity of this herb has been proposed to be linked with it alkaloid derivative, evolvine hydrochloride, which is known to exhibit lobeline-like action on the cardiovascular system. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.044, Saroya, A. S., Singh, J. Effect of, Ravichandra VD, Ramesh C, Sridhar KA. J.
The polyphenols present in this species act as reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenchers, thereby ameliorating the oxidative stress that is generated as a diabetic manifestation. The human brain book: An illustrated guide to its structure, function, and disorders (London: Penguin publishers). Effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy in obsessive compulsive disorder using animal models (India: PharmaTutor EduLabs Publishing). Shankhpushpi characterizes Tikta Rasa (bitter taste). All parts of the herb are known to possess therapeutic benefits. It has been used as a service tonic in conventional medications since ancient times. doi:10.1038/3218, Mali, P. C. (1995). A., Maaz, M., Shiffa, M. (2012). As per an ancient Indian medicinal scriptureCharaka Samhitathis plant is superior to other nootropic drugs (Medhya rasayana) of Ayurveda, however, a detailed ethnomedicinal update yet needs to be presented (Dev, 2006). Res. Rev. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in developing countries: a symposium report. We are also thankful to Mr. Gagan Kumar and Mr. Lalit Mohan for their swift administrative supports and encouragements. Cool, filter the liquid and apply it over the wounds dabbed in cotton to eliminate germs and enhance quick healing.
Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., a nootropic herb used in traditional medicinal systems, is also frequently known by its taxonomic synonym Convolvulus pluricaulis.
Herbal remedies for neurodegenerative disorder (alzheimer's disease): a review. 47, 608611. Gogte, V. M. (2012). Studies on medicinal properties of Convolvulus pluricaulis and Boerhaavia diffusa. Bras. Shanka Pushpi: A short review. doi: 10.4103/1735-1995.163977, Nisar, S. S., Khan, A.
Preliminary pharmacological activities of ethanolic extracts of C. pluricaulis (leaves) are given in Table 4[14][29]. CP extract also posed evident anti-oxidant activity and elevated the levels of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione within the cortex and hippocampus (Kaushik, 2017). (2014). Besides Ayurveda, C. prostratus (CP) has also been used in Siddha system of medicine, wherein an oil obtained from this plant is used as a keratogenic agent for promoting hair growth (Gogte, 2012). The use of herbal medicines continues to escalate rapidly with about 70% of the world population still relying upon traditional medicines for their primary healthcare needs.
doi:10.1007/s10600-013-0459-6. This CP herb has also been reported for several other pharmacological activities, including anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-ulcer, cardio-vascular, hepatoprotective, and hypothyroidism (Barar and Sharma, 1965; Mudgal, 1975; Rizk etal., 1985; Mali, 1995; Jain etal., 2011; Ravichandra etal., 2013; Jalwal etal., 2016). Quercetin inhibits the expression and function of the androgen receptor in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Additionally, the natural compounds, such as flavonoids also aid in modulating the neuronal cell signalling pathways (Solanki etal., 2016). Compd. Sci. Available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1dc0/39b0046a0caa7e211b7a64f0ec91596d4fef.pdf. The chemical constituents of C. pluricaulis are shown in Table 1[5]. 1, 388395. Shankhpushpi is extremely effective in treating various heart ailments due to its strong antioxidative nature. Established by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics Diarrheal diseases, Oral Rehydra.. Shankhpushpi helps reduce the levels of cortisol which is a stress hormone and thereby attenuates stress and improves the quality, duration and provides a peaceful sleep.
The syrup consists of the following 12 species: C. asiatica, C. pluricaulis, C. paniculatus, Eclipta alba, Cynodon dactylon, A. racemosus, Withania somnifera, Nardostachys jatamansi, A. calamus, Zingiber officinalis and Vetiveria zizanoides[35]. Brown, D. A. 3, 8287. Encyclopedia of Indian medicinal plants (New York, USA: Springer).
J. More specifically, in ancient texts, this plant has been mentioned as sara, medhya, vrsya and rasayana, which refers to the laxative, nootropic, aphrodisiac and rejuvenator properties of this herb, respectively. doi:10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(6).2458-63, Aggarwal, B. Res. The chemotherapeutic moieties used currently for the treatment of neurological disorders face a daunting challenge of systemic delivery of the drugs to the central nervous system. Nat. 5, 505511. In addition, it can also be used to improve memory and decrease cholesterol[10].
Singh, V., Pandey, R. P. (1998). Mice treated with the extract showed a sedative effect at doses greater than 200 mg/kg and reflected a moderate to marked decrease in locomotor activity which lasted 1-2 h. The decrease in motor activity due to spontaneous motor activity was observed during the study.
Accessibility (2017). Biol. (2015). PharmaTutor Mag. Shankhpushpi Syrup (Arishtam) 20 ml for adults twice a day with water after meals. A comprehensive review on shankhpushpi a morning glory.
Moreover, the CP powder and juice, such as, Jain Shankhpushpi Powder and Axiom Jeevan Ras Shankhpushpi Juice, are also being used as skin mask for rejuvenating the skin and managing skin problems such as acne, blemishes and sun spots (Hindu, 2012). A novel mechanism of action and potential use for lobeline as a treatment for psychostimulant abuse. 3, 131135. AMPK activation reduces hepatic lipid content by increasing fat oxidation in vivo. J. Nutr. Mechanistically, it reduces the spontaneous motor activity, thereby controlling the refluxes and frightening responses.